Cases where articles should not be used
With uncountable nouns
Articles are not used with uncountable nouns when we make general statements.
I love coffee. (NOT... a coffee OR the coffee)
Milk is rich in nutrients. (NOT The milk OR a milk)
We can't do without water. (NOT The water OR a water)
She likes reading books. (NOT...the reading books OR a reading books)
With the names of countries
We do not use articles with the names of countries.
Japan is a developed nation. (NOT The Japan)
I have been to England. (NOT...to the England)
India is a secular republic. (NOT The India)
He has just returned from South Africa. (NOT …the South Africa)
But we use 'the' if the name of the country or organization specifically states that it is a collection of states. (For example, The United States, The United Arab Emirates, The United Nations etc.)
He is leaving for the United States tomorrow.
The United Nations is an international organization of countries created to promote world peace and cooperation.
With the names of languages
We do not use articles with the names of languages.
Hindi is the national language of India.
It is not easy to learn French.
English is spoken in many parts of the world.
With the names of meals
We do not use articles with the names of meals.
We have lunch at midday. (NOT...the lunch)
We have dinner in the evening. (NOT...the dinner)
Breakfast is the first meal of the day. (NOT...the breakfast)
With proper nouns
We do not use articles with proper nouns (the names of people, places etc.)
Alice is an architect. (NOT The Alice or a Alice)
Mary is my friend. (NOT The Mary)
Delhi is the capital of India.
But we use 'the' with plural names.
We are having dinner with the Smiths.
The Sharmas are very kind.
With titles and names
We do not use articles with titles and names.
Princess Diana was killed in a car accident.
President Kennedy was assassinated.
But we say, the queen of England, the President of USA
With years
We do not use articles before years.
India won freedom in 1947. (NOT...in the 1947)
I was born in 1979.
With possessives and demonstratives
We do not use articles before possessives (my, your, their etc.) and demonstratives (this, that, these, those).
This is my book. (NOT This is a my book.)
I like this car. (NOT I like the this car.)
With days
Articles are not used to talk about the coming or last day/month.
See you on Friday. (=Coming Friday)
We are leaving for the US next week. (NOT …the next week.)
But we use articles with the names of days of the week and months if we are talking about particular days or months.
We met on a rainy Friday.
It was a wet Monday in May.
She died on the Thursday after the accident.
The articles are not used:
1. Before proper, material and abstract nouns used in a general sense:
London, France, Tom, gold, rice, honesty, virtue
Paris is the capital of France. (NOT The Paris is …)
Gold is a precious metal. (NOT The gold is a …)
Honesty is the best policy.
But we say, the United States, the United Arab Emirates etc.
2. Before a common noun used in its commonest sense:
Man is mortal.
Iron is a useful metal.
3. In certain phrases made up of a preposition + noun:
Examples are: on foot, at school, from top to bottom, at home, in bed, by train, by car, in debt, in hand, on earth, at noon, on board, in jest, at best, at worst etc.
He is in debt. (NOT He is in the debt.)
He is at school. (NOT He is at the school.)
He spent the whole day in bed.
4. In certain phrases consisting of a transitive verb and its object:
Give ear, set sail, take heart, send word, catch fire, take offence, leave office, leave home, leave office etc.
He took offence at my words. (BUT NOT He took the offence at my words.)
She left home in the morning. (BUT NOT She left the home in the morning.)
5. Before the names of continents, countries, capes, cities, towns, days, months, arts, languages, sciences, some diseases etc.
January, March, physics, English, Tokyo, Beijing, Delhi, Tuesday, Friday, Asia, America etc.
December is a cold month.
English is spoken all over the world.
6. Before common nouns when they go in pairs:
Both husband and wife received serious injuries.
7. Before plural nouns used to denote a class:
Apples are red.
Camels are useful animals.
Warm clothes are necessary in cold climates.
8. Before the nouns following kind of:
What kind of flower is it? (NOT What kind of a flower is it?)
9. Before meal-time
He was at dinner.
Breakfast was served at night. (BUT NOT The breakfast was served at night.)
Some special points
Compare the pairs of sentences given below:
I have a black and white cow. (Only one cow)
I have a black and a white cow. (Two cows)
The secretary and accountant is present. (Here the nouns secretary and accountant refer to the same person.)
The secretary and the accountant were present. (Here the repetition of the articles implies that the secretary and the accountant are different persons.)
Articles are not used:
1. before the name of a person:
Example: I am a fan of Michael Jackson. (NOT: I am a fan of the Michael Jackson)
2. before the name of a place, town, country, street, or road.
Example: Barcelona is a beautiful city. (NOT: The Barcelona is a beautiful city.)
3. before names of materials.
Example: Gold is found in Australia. (NOT: The gold is found in Australia.)
4. before abstract nouns used in a general sense.
Example: You cannot buy happiness.
4. Difference in Meaning with Use of Articles
It helps to observe the following rules:
When we use two or more adjectives to describe the same person or thing, we use the article only before the first adjective.
EXAMPLE: He talked to a tall and blonde woman. (He talked to a (one) woman who was tall and blonde.)
When we use two or more adjectives to refer to more than one person or thing, we use the article before each adjective
Sunday, June 12, 2011
Articles
Here are the rules for when to use "A, An or The":
a = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with consonants
She has a dog.
I work in a factory.
an = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with vowels (a,e,i,o,u)
Can I have an apple?
She is an English teacher.
the = definite article (a specific object that both the person speaking and the listener know)
The car over there is fast.
The teacher is very good, isn't he?
The first time you speak of something use "a or an", the next time you repeat that object use "the".
I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms.
I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good.
DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as "The United States".
He lives in Washington near Mount Rainier.
They live in northern British Columbia.
Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas -
My country borders on the Pacific Ocean
DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about things in general
I like Russian tea.
She likes reading books.
DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about meals, places, and transport
He has breakfast at home.
I go to university.
He comes to work by taxi.
a = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with consonants
She has a dog.
I work in a factory.
an = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with vowels (a,e,i,o,u)
Can I have an apple?
She is an English teacher.
the = definite article (a specific object that both the person speaking and the listener know)
The car over there is fast.
The teacher is very good, isn't he?
The first time you speak of something use "a or an", the next time you repeat that object use "the".
I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms.
I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good.
DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as "The United States".
He lives in Washington near Mount Rainier.
They live in northern British Columbia.
Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas -
My country borders on the Pacific Ocean
DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about things in general
I like Russian tea.
She likes reading books.
DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about meals, places, and transport
He has breakfast at home.
I go to university.
He comes to work by taxi.
uses of articles
In English, knowing when to use 'a' or 'the' can be difficult. Fortunately, there are rules to help you, but you need to know what type of noun you are using.
Grammar rule 1
When you have a single, countable English noun, you must always have an article before it. We cannot say "please pass me pen", we must say "please pass me the pen" or "please pass me a pen" or "please pass me your pen".
Nouns in English can also be uncountable. Uncountable nouns can be concepts, such as 'life', 'happiness' and so on, or materials and substances, such as 'coffee', or 'wood'.
Grammar rule 2
Uncountable nouns don't use 'a' or 'an'. This is because you can't count them. For example, advice is an uncountable noun. You can't say "he gave me an advice", but you can say "he gave me some advice", or "he gave me a piece of advice".
Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable. For example, we say "coffee" meaning the product, but we say "a coffee" when asking for one cup of coffee.
Grammar rule 3
You can use 'the' to make general things specific. You can use 'the' with any type of noun – plural or singular, countable or uncountable.
"Please pass me a pen" – any pen.
"Please pass me the pen" – the one that we can both see.
"Children grow up quickly" – children in general.
"The children I know grow up quickly" – not all children, just the ones I know.
"Poetry can be beautiful"- poetry in general.
"The poetry of Hopkins is beautiful" – I'm only talking about the poetry Hopkins wrote.
More uses of articles in English
Rivers, mountain ranges, seas, oceans and geographic areas all use 'the'.
For example, "The Thames", "The Alps", "The Atlantic Ocean", "The Middle East".
Unique things have 'the'.
For example, "the sun", "the moon".
Some institutional buildings don't have an article if you visit them for the reason these buildings exist. But if you go to the building for another reason, you must use 'the'.
"Her husband is in prison." (He's a prisoner.)
"She goes to the prison to see him once a month."
"My son is in school." (He's a student.)
"I'm going to the school to see the head master."
"She's in hospital at the moment." (She's ill.)
"Her husband goes to the hospital to see her every afternoon."
Musical instruments use 'the'.
"She plays the piano."
Sports don't have an article.
"He plays football."
Illnesses don't have an article.
"He's got appendicitis."
But we say "a cold" and "a headache".
Jobs use 'a'.
"I'm a teacher."
Countries
We don't use 'a' if the country is singular. "He lives in England." But if the country's name has a "plural" meaning, we use 'the'. "The People's Republic of China", "The Netherlands", "The United States of America".
Continents, towns and streets don't have an article.
"Africa", "New York", "Church Street".
Theatres, cinemas and hotels have 'the'.
"The Odeon", "The Almeira", "The Hilton".
Abbreviations use 'the'.
"the UN", "the USA", "the IMF".
We use 'the' before classes of people.
"the rich", "the poor", "the British".
Grammar rule 1
When you have a single, countable English noun, you must always have an article before it. We cannot say "please pass me pen", we must say "please pass me the pen" or "please pass me a pen" or "please pass me your pen".
Nouns in English can also be uncountable. Uncountable nouns can be concepts, such as 'life', 'happiness' and so on, or materials and substances, such as 'coffee', or 'wood'.
Grammar rule 2
Uncountable nouns don't use 'a' or 'an'. This is because you can't count them. For example, advice is an uncountable noun. You can't say "he gave me an advice", but you can say "he gave me some advice", or "he gave me a piece of advice".
Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable. For example, we say "coffee" meaning the product, but we say "a coffee" when asking for one cup of coffee.
Grammar rule 3
You can use 'the' to make general things specific. You can use 'the' with any type of noun – plural or singular, countable or uncountable.
"Please pass me a pen" – any pen.
"Please pass me the pen" – the one that we can both see.
"Children grow up quickly" – children in general.
"The children I know grow up quickly" – not all children, just the ones I know.
"Poetry can be beautiful"- poetry in general.
"The poetry of Hopkins is beautiful" – I'm only talking about the poetry Hopkins wrote.
More uses of articles in English
Rivers, mountain ranges, seas, oceans and geographic areas all use 'the'.
For example, "The Thames", "The Alps", "The Atlantic Ocean", "The Middle East".
Unique things have 'the'.
For example, "the sun", "the moon".
Some institutional buildings don't have an article if you visit them for the reason these buildings exist. But if you go to the building for another reason, you must use 'the'.
"Her husband is in prison." (He's a prisoner.)
"She goes to the prison to see him once a month."
"My son is in school." (He's a student.)
"I'm going to the school to see the head master."
"She's in hospital at the moment." (She's ill.)
"Her husband goes to the hospital to see her every afternoon."
Musical instruments use 'the'.
"She plays the piano."
Sports don't have an article.
"He plays football."
Illnesses don't have an article.
"He's got appendicitis."
But we say "a cold" and "a headache".
Jobs use 'a'.
"I'm a teacher."
Countries
We don't use 'a' if the country is singular. "He lives in England." But if the country's name has a "plural" meaning, we use 'the'. "The People's Republic of China", "The Netherlands", "The United States of America".
Continents, towns and streets don't have an article.
"Africa", "New York", "Church Street".
Theatres, cinemas and hotels have 'the'.
"The Odeon", "The Almeira", "The Hilton".
Abbreviations use 'the'.
"the UN", "the USA", "the IMF".
We use 'the' before classes of people.
"the rich", "the poor", "the British".
GD topics
GD Topics
• Cricket as a national obsession is a detriment to other sports.
• To develop India has to empower women.
• Advertising is a waste of resources.
• Privatization will lead to less corruption.
• Joint family is a blessing in disguise.
• Women cannot successfully combine both career and home.
• Women are good managers.
• Money is required to earn more money.
• All Work And No Play Makes Jack A Dull Boy
• Are women As good as Men Or Inferior?
• Nothing Succeeds Like Success?
• Age and Youth: Experience And Young Talent
• Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished
• Tuitions Should Be Banned
• Indian Cricket Team Shouldn't Be Allowed To Play Abroad
• Who is responsible for eve TEASING: Boys or Girl.
• Is cricket hampering the growth of other sports in India
• Why drinking and driving is dangerous to yourself and others
• Advantages of Co-education.
• Cricket as a national obsession is a detriment to other sports.
• To develop India has to empower women.
• Advertising is a waste of resources.
• Privatization will lead to less corruption.
• Joint family is a blessing in disguise.
• Women cannot successfully combine both career and home.
• Women are good managers.
• Money is required to earn more money.
• All Work And No Play Makes Jack A Dull Boy
• Are women As good as Men Or Inferior?
• Nothing Succeeds Like Success?
• Age and Youth: Experience And Young Talent
• Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished
• Tuitions Should Be Banned
• Indian Cricket Team Shouldn't Be Allowed To Play Abroad
• Who is responsible for eve TEASING: Boys or Girl.
• Is cricket hampering the growth of other sports in India
• Why drinking and driving is dangerous to yourself and others
• Advantages of Co-education.
Tips for Gd
Be Yourself. You can only act as yourself. All others acts fail, or at least these exercises are attempting to fail such acts. It is easier conversing being you.
b) Take time to organize your thoughts. During the discussion there will a lot many points. You might be nodding your head to many of them. But do not pitch in to say anything as soon as it is put on table. Think of the pros and cons. Take time to organize your thoughts and put them across once you are confident.
c) The panel is listening to you always. Do not try to convince them or look for an acknowledgment. It is the group which matters here-stick to them.
d) Seek clarifications if you have any doubts regarding the subject, before the discussion commences.
e) First impressions speak a lot of you. So make sure to show the right gestures, the right words and more importantly the right spirits.
f) Never try to show your dominance. Be assertive, speak yourself and let others speak as well.
g) Don’t lose your temper. Remember everyone is a participant there. They are putting across their point. Be logical and break down your answer to acceptable chunks. This will help you in confrontations
h) Show your leadership skills. Building a consensus needs leadership skills. Steers the discussion in right track also try to make all participants speak-this would help in consensus building.
i) Any outrageous act is sure to seize interest but least expects them to sustain that interest.
I hope this series of articles on GD helped you up your ante for real life battles. Best of luck!
b) Take time to organize your thoughts. During the discussion there will a lot many points. You might be nodding your head to many of them. But do not pitch in to say anything as soon as it is put on table. Think of the pros and cons. Take time to organize your thoughts and put them across once you are confident.
c) The panel is listening to you always. Do not try to convince them or look for an acknowledgment. It is the group which matters here-stick to them.
d) Seek clarifications if you have any doubts regarding the subject, before the discussion commences.
e) First impressions speak a lot of you. So make sure to show the right gestures, the right words and more importantly the right spirits.
f) Never try to show your dominance. Be assertive, speak yourself and let others speak as well.
g) Don’t lose your temper. Remember everyone is a participant there. They are putting across their point. Be logical and break down your answer to acceptable chunks. This will help you in confrontations
h) Show your leadership skills. Building a consensus needs leadership skills. Steers the discussion in right track also try to make all participants speak-this would help in consensus building.
i) Any outrageous act is sure to seize interest but least expects them to sustain that interest.
I hope this series of articles on GD helped you up your ante for real life battles. Best of luck!
Debate Topics for lab exams
• Should school students face a mandatory drug test?
• Should students be required to wear a school uniform?
• Are the Olympic Games a waste of money? Or other debate speech topics on huge sports events.
• Is our nation still unprepared for disasters? Or other debate topic themes about safety.
• Should school prayer be prohibited?
• Should skateboards be prohibited on sidewalks?
• Should minorities be treated differentially?
• Should the age to vote be reduced to 16?
• Should the use of animals in sports and entertainment be banned?
• Should there be a curfew for people under 18 years to reduce crime?
• Does Hollywood movies have a bad influence on the world?
• Should homework assignments be limited to a maximum of three nights a week?
• Do school autorities have the right to search students’ lockers? Or other education related debate topic issues.
• Do adopted children have the right to know who their biological parents are?
• Should factory farming of chickens be banned?
• Are standardized test scores given over importance in school admissions?
• Just like women, should men get paternity leave from work?
• Is lottery a great way to make money?
• How much is too much homework
• Is cheating in exam halls inevitable?
• Are we over dependent on technology?
• Is Internet a safe haven for kids?
• Should animal research for experiments be banned?
• Is cigarette smoking a result of negative peer pressure?
• Should cell phones be allowed in schools?
• School's competency is best judged by test scores?
• Frugal living is a necessity now
• Should children be allowed in TV advertisements?
• Does video game violence trigger behavioral problems in kids?
• When should teenagers start taking their own decisions?
• Are sports, games and extra curricular activities in school a mere waste of time?
• Are free web cam chat for kids safe?
• Is it necessary to be fashionable?
• Do girls talk more than boys?
• Is co-education better than single sex school?
• Should students be allowed to award marks to their teachers?
• Should women and minorities be given special consideration during admission in educational institutions?
• Is homeschooling better than public schooling?
• Should teenagers watch TV news instead of violent movies?
• Is genetic engineering dangerous for ecology?
• Should fast food and drinks selling in schools be stopped?
• Vegetarian diet v/s non-vegetarian diet
• Swimming lessons mandatory for everyone
• Should students be required to wear a school uniform?
• Are the Olympic Games a waste of money? Or other debate speech topics on huge sports events.
• Is our nation still unprepared for disasters? Or other debate topic themes about safety.
• Should school prayer be prohibited?
• Should skateboards be prohibited on sidewalks?
• Should minorities be treated differentially?
• Should the age to vote be reduced to 16?
• Should the use of animals in sports and entertainment be banned?
• Should there be a curfew for people under 18 years to reduce crime?
• Does Hollywood movies have a bad influence on the world?
• Should homework assignments be limited to a maximum of three nights a week?
• Do school autorities have the right to search students’ lockers? Or other education related debate topic issues.
• Do adopted children have the right to know who their biological parents are?
• Should factory farming of chickens be banned?
• Are standardized test scores given over importance in school admissions?
• Just like women, should men get paternity leave from work?
• Is lottery a great way to make money?
• How much is too much homework
• Is cheating in exam halls inevitable?
• Are we over dependent on technology?
• Is Internet a safe haven for kids?
• Should animal research for experiments be banned?
• Is cigarette smoking a result of negative peer pressure?
• Should cell phones be allowed in schools?
• School's competency is best judged by test scores?
• Frugal living is a necessity now
• Should children be allowed in TV advertisements?
• Does video game violence trigger behavioral problems in kids?
• When should teenagers start taking their own decisions?
• Are sports, games and extra curricular activities in school a mere waste of time?
• Are free web cam chat for kids safe?
• Is it necessary to be fashionable?
• Do girls talk more than boys?
• Is co-education better than single sex school?
• Should students be allowed to award marks to their teachers?
• Should women and minorities be given special consideration during admission in educational institutions?
• Is homeschooling better than public schooling?
• Should teenagers watch TV news instead of violent movies?
• Is genetic engineering dangerous for ecology?
• Should fast food and drinks selling in schools be stopped?
• Vegetarian diet v/s non-vegetarian diet
• Swimming lessons mandatory for everyone
Key to the new model question paper
ENGLISH - II MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR SECOND SEMESTER END EXAMINATION JNTU KAKINADA
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
1. a. Draft an email to your friend advising her on health tips to be taken on a tour she is going on in the near future. 10 marks
To: quddus.afsha@gmail.com
Cc:
Bcc:
Subject: Health tips to be taken on a tour
Dear afsha,
I am happy to know that you are going on a tour. First of all I wish you Happy and safe journey. I want you to be healthy during your tour. Here are few tips please take care to follow them carefully.
Please pack your own personal first-aid kit. Carry medicine in your carry-on bags without fail. Be sure to travel with enough medicine for the duration of your tour. Pack a basic first-aid kit that includes: bandages, antiseptic wipes, ace wraps, moleskin (to cover blisters), digital thermometer, non-aspirin pain relievers and anti-diarrhea medicine. Please practice to do regular exercise program before you go on tour.
Buy a large bottle of water before you board in case the beverage service is limited or slow. Avoid drinking soft drinks and stick to water and fruit juices. Skip the coffee and tea, too. Don’t skip breakfast at the hotels. Drink lots of bottled water. Wash your hands before eating. Carry hand sanitizer. Eat fruit whenever it is served to you. Buy fruit only if you can wash or peel it. Pack some dried fruit, especially dried plums .Get enough sleep at night. Always have some plastic bags available just in case anyone feels nauseous.
Once again I wish you happy journey. Hope you will return safe and happy if you follow these tips.
Regards,
afsha.
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions 5marks
i Things were different -when- I was young.
ii I do it -because- I like it.
iii Let us wait here -till- the rain stops.
iv You cannot be a lawyer -unless you have a law degree.
v That was years -and- years ago.
2. a. Write a situational dialogue between a Red Cross Volunteer and an earthquake victim. 10 marks
(refer Step By Step text, page123 )
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate quantifiers –many, more, fewest, much, most 5 marks
There are many people in Poland, more in India, but the most people live in China. The country with the fewest people per square kilometer must be Australia. Much research is conducted on this.
3. a. Due to recent floods in Nellore, some of the families became refugees and were in the care of your voluntary service organization. Write a Report on the situation and the help extended to them. 10 marks
Report of the Voluntary Service Organization on the help extended to Flood Victims
Nellore:
This is a report on the help extended to the Flood victims recently in Nellore by the Voluntary Services Organization.
Several areas in and around Nellore were affected by floods. Mypadu was severely affected due to the flood. The people in the affected area became homeless and some of the people lost their lives. Many of them were affected with water born diseases. Many people were starving for basic requirements like food, clothes and shelter. Media covered this entire scene and telecasted on the televisions. As a result many government organizations and Red Cross organizations came forward and extended a helping hand.
Thousands of local palm thatch homes were swept away by the storm and infrastructure was damaged to a great extent. Power lines were down, roads flooded and communication links were severed in many areas. Many people in the near by areas were evacuated and were provided shelter in safer places. The cyclone shelters built by the Red Cross Organization in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa rescued these people. This saved many lives by preventing people from epidemic diseases.
The Voluntary Service Organization Operations unit started to help the victims of the recent floods. Priorities were given to people with injuries and food water and shelter were provided to the thousands of people who were homeless. It was run by Students Volunteer Organization who tried to help as many victims as possible. They all joined their hands with government officials in helping the victims by shifting those victims to the safer places first. As many people as possible were helped get insurance for their houses and reconstruction of their houses at the earliest.
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles. 5 marks
i He left __x___ home without informing anyone.
ii There is -a- box of sweets on -the- table
iii Do you need -a- degree in Economics or -the- degree in finance to be a better manager?
iv When we arrived, she went straight to -the kitchen- and started to prepare x meal for us.
v He has a cut on his leg and a bruise on the chin.
4. a. Write an essay in about 400- 500 words on “Advantages and disadvantages of Vegetarian and non-vegetarian food” 10m
Ethical:
Food has a major role to play in our fitness. Researchers have repeatedly proved that healthy food is the main key to good health. By healthy food, it means the food that is nutritious and full of essential vitamins and minerals. Green leafy vegetables and fresh fruits are the best reserves of vital nutrients that safeguard our body against many diseases. Most importantly, water is the most essential requirement of our body. Be sure to drink at least eight to ten glasses of water daily to make our self plump and soft.
Before moving further, let us get started with some important foods that will not only make us healthy, but will also make one look young and radiant. Beans, pumpkin, oranges, and yoghurt are few of the many vegetarian foods that are sure to give us an endless aura. After all, ravishing beauty is what that comes from within. One can surely enhance one’s outer looks by expensive make-ups, but what and how he/she eats reflect the real beauty.
No specific food is responsible for specific health ailments. These super foods give a wide coverage for a variety of ailments including diabetes, cancer, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. They also help us to keep a check on your weight and make one look beautiful and glowing.
Let us take a look at some other super foods. Animal food is rich in proteins and proteins all know help in the wear and tear of our body. Fish, eggs, and animal meat keep one in a great shape.
Both diets are healthy if done correctly. And the pros and cons for each are probably similar. Meat is rich in protein, iron, vitamin B1 and niacin. Non-vegetarian food is a good source of excellent protein.
One of the advantages to the vegetarian diet is that it tends to be low in fat and cholesterol. As a result, a vegetarian diet can help one avoid heart problems and even cancer. However, one may also find that he/she is missing some important vitamins and minerals on a strictly vegetarian diet.
Advantages of vegetarian foods are:
• They are easily chewable, especially for the elderly who have lost their teeth.
• Many elderly feel that vegetarian food is more easily digestible.
• Vegetarian foods are cheaper than non-vegetarian foods.
• Some vegetables can be eaten raw preventing the loss of nutrients while cooking.
• Vegetarian foods do not contain as much fat as non-vegetarian foods.
Thus, Vegetarians should take care to include soya beans, groundnuts, lentils, mushrooms and so on to get a sufficient supply of proteins.
Advantages of Non-Vegetarian foods are:
• Non-vegetarian foods are rich in protein of high biological value and in Vitamin B complex, especially B12 which is not available in plant foods.
• Fish, especially the small varieties are a rich source of calcium.
• Egg-white is good source of protein and easily digested.
The incidence of high BP, Heart disease, Obesity and high cholesterol levels is found to be greater among non-vegetarians. Elders who suffer from these problems should reduce the intake of fleshy foods in their diet. Egg-white and most varieties of fish contain less fat, but are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals.
Vegetarian or non-vegetarian, the decision depends on various factors such as cultural or dietary habits of the family, personal preference, taste and avoidance of certain foods for health reasons. Whatever the case, a well-balanced diet supplying proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals should be taken.
b. Give the Synonyms of the following 5marks
Reduce, essential, conviction, summit, truce
1. Reduce: Decrease 2. Essential: Necessary 3.conviction: belief 4. Summit: peak 5. Truce: agreement
5. A. What are the factors that are helpful in preparing Power Point Presentation? Prepare a PPT in 6 slides about your favorite sports person. 10 marks
(Refer Step by Step page 179 to 181)
Slide -- 1
Slide --2
Slide --3
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions 5 marks
i His house looks -like- a temple
ii How many -of- the members will join the trip?
iii Don’t lean that ladder -against- the wall.
iv I don't usually feel tired -in- the morning.
v Have you heard anything -about- him yet?
6. a. Discuss in a situational dialogue with your friend the strategies that are helpful in eliminating stress. 10 marks.
Joshuva: Hi! Sagar. I hear your paper has been selected in International Seminar
for presentation. Congratulations!
Sagar: Thanks! Josh. It really is a great honour, and at the same time, a huge
challenge as well, especially with so many participants coming from all over the world. Frankly, I’m not sure I’ll be able to manage.
Joshuva: Don’t’t worry. If you prepare well you won’t feel nervous.
Sagar: Will you please help me giving some important tips to manage stress.
Joshuva: Why not, sure. First of all you jot the outline of your presentation on a
piece of paper.
Sagar: OK I will do that.
Joshuva: Don’t speak too fast or too slow. If you talk too fast, you risk the audience
not understanding what you are trying to say. If you talk too slow, your
audience might lose interest in what you are saying. Maintain a moderate
pace.
Sagar: Do you think I can manage well?
Joshuva: Be positive. Motivate yourself. Tell yourself things like- ‘I will make a
good presentation.’
Sagar: Ok dear. Thanks a lot. Is there anything else to help me manage my stress.
Joshuva: Last but not the least gather yourself together before presentation. Take a deep breath, and try to be relaxed and calm.
Sagar: Thanks a lot. I hope with these strategies I will definitely manage to do well without any stress.
Joshuva: All the Best. Take care. Bye.
Sagar: Thank. Bye.
b.Punctuate the given set of sentences. 5 marks
i. Did you go to School today?
ii. What a beautiful day!
iii. I like noodles, pizza, burger, etc.
iv. This is Suresh’s pen.
v. I don’t know your name.
7 a. What is the role of team work, motivation and commitment in the life of a sportsman? What is the importance of the above in a job ambience? 10 marks.
(Refer the dictated notes)
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate exclamations 5 marks
1 Wow! What a great game.
2. Ah! You came just in time
3. You won the competition. What an achievement!
4. Alas! I lost your pen. Ah! is it true?
8 a. You are the Chairman of NHAI. Write a letter responding to the appeal made by the ministry of road transportation about preventing the disruption of traffic on account of damages to road and bridges during natural disasters. 10marks
(Refer page 112 in Step by Step)
b. Match the words with phrases 5 marks
i. Easily (d) a) on the middle stump
ii. Stand (a) (b) on the wicket
iii. Applied (e) (c) into my body
iv. Bowl (c) (d) off the pads
v. Depending (b) (e) them to my batting
(1- d ,2- a, 3- e, 4- c, 5- b)
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
1. a. Draft an email to your friend advising her on health tips to be taken on a tour she is going on in the near future. 10 marks
To: quddus.afsha@gmail.com
Cc:
Bcc:
Subject: Health tips to be taken on a tour
Dear afsha,
I am happy to know that you are going on a tour. First of all I wish you Happy and safe journey. I want you to be healthy during your tour. Here are few tips please take care to follow them carefully.
Please pack your own personal first-aid kit. Carry medicine in your carry-on bags without fail. Be sure to travel with enough medicine for the duration of your tour. Pack a basic first-aid kit that includes: bandages, antiseptic wipes, ace wraps, moleskin (to cover blisters), digital thermometer, non-aspirin pain relievers and anti-diarrhea medicine. Please practice to do regular exercise program before you go on tour.
Buy a large bottle of water before you board in case the beverage service is limited or slow. Avoid drinking soft drinks and stick to water and fruit juices. Skip the coffee and tea, too. Don’t skip breakfast at the hotels. Drink lots of bottled water. Wash your hands before eating. Carry hand sanitizer. Eat fruit whenever it is served to you. Buy fruit only if you can wash or peel it. Pack some dried fruit, especially dried plums .Get enough sleep at night. Always have some plastic bags available just in case anyone feels nauseous.
Once again I wish you happy journey. Hope you will return safe and happy if you follow these tips.
Regards,
afsha.
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions 5marks
i Things were different -when- I was young.
ii I do it -because- I like it.
iii Let us wait here -till- the rain stops.
iv You cannot be a lawyer -unless you have a law degree.
v That was years -and- years ago.
2. a. Write a situational dialogue between a Red Cross Volunteer and an earthquake victim. 10 marks
(refer Step By Step text, page123 )
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate quantifiers –many, more, fewest, much, most 5 marks
There are many people in Poland, more in India, but the most people live in China. The country with the fewest people per square kilometer must be Australia. Much research is conducted on this.
3. a. Due to recent floods in Nellore, some of the families became refugees and were in the care of your voluntary service organization. Write a Report on the situation and the help extended to them. 10 marks
Report of the Voluntary Service Organization on the help extended to Flood Victims
Nellore:
This is a report on the help extended to the Flood victims recently in Nellore by the Voluntary Services Organization.
Several areas in and around Nellore were affected by floods. Mypadu was severely affected due to the flood. The people in the affected area became homeless and some of the people lost their lives. Many of them were affected with water born diseases. Many people were starving for basic requirements like food, clothes and shelter. Media covered this entire scene and telecasted on the televisions. As a result many government organizations and Red Cross organizations came forward and extended a helping hand.
Thousands of local palm thatch homes were swept away by the storm and infrastructure was damaged to a great extent. Power lines were down, roads flooded and communication links were severed in many areas. Many people in the near by areas were evacuated and were provided shelter in safer places. The cyclone shelters built by the Red Cross Organization in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa rescued these people. This saved many lives by preventing people from epidemic diseases.
The Voluntary Service Organization Operations unit started to help the victims of the recent floods. Priorities were given to people with injuries and food water and shelter were provided to the thousands of people who were homeless. It was run by Students Volunteer Organization who tried to help as many victims as possible. They all joined their hands with government officials in helping the victims by shifting those victims to the safer places first. As many people as possible were helped get insurance for their houses and reconstruction of their houses at the earliest.
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles. 5 marks
i He left __x___ home without informing anyone.
ii There is -a- box of sweets on -the- table
iii Do you need -a- degree in Economics or -the- degree in finance to be a better manager?
iv When we arrived, she went straight to -the kitchen- and started to prepare x meal for us.
v He has a cut on his leg and a bruise on the chin.
4. a. Write an essay in about 400- 500 words on “Advantages and disadvantages of Vegetarian and non-vegetarian food” 10m
Ethical:
Food has a major role to play in our fitness. Researchers have repeatedly proved that healthy food is the main key to good health. By healthy food, it means the food that is nutritious and full of essential vitamins and minerals. Green leafy vegetables and fresh fruits are the best reserves of vital nutrients that safeguard our body against many diseases. Most importantly, water is the most essential requirement of our body. Be sure to drink at least eight to ten glasses of water daily to make our self plump and soft.
Before moving further, let us get started with some important foods that will not only make us healthy, but will also make one look young and radiant. Beans, pumpkin, oranges, and yoghurt are few of the many vegetarian foods that are sure to give us an endless aura. After all, ravishing beauty is what that comes from within. One can surely enhance one’s outer looks by expensive make-ups, but what and how he/she eats reflect the real beauty.
No specific food is responsible for specific health ailments. These super foods give a wide coverage for a variety of ailments including diabetes, cancer, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. They also help us to keep a check on your weight and make one look beautiful and glowing.
Let us take a look at some other super foods. Animal food is rich in proteins and proteins all know help in the wear and tear of our body. Fish, eggs, and animal meat keep one in a great shape.
Both diets are healthy if done correctly. And the pros and cons for each are probably similar. Meat is rich in protein, iron, vitamin B1 and niacin. Non-vegetarian food is a good source of excellent protein.
One of the advantages to the vegetarian diet is that it tends to be low in fat and cholesterol. As a result, a vegetarian diet can help one avoid heart problems and even cancer. However, one may also find that he/she is missing some important vitamins and minerals on a strictly vegetarian diet.
Advantages of vegetarian foods are:
• They are easily chewable, especially for the elderly who have lost their teeth.
• Many elderly feel that vegetarian food is more easily digestible.
• Vegetarian foods are cheaper than non-vegetarian foods.
• Some vegetables can be eaten raw preventing the loss of nutrients while cooking.
• Vegetarian foods do not contain as much fat as non-vegetarian foods.
Thus, Vegetarians should take care to include soya beans, groundnuts, lentils, mushrooms and so on to get a sufficient supply of proteins.
Advantages of Non-Vegetarian foods are:
• Non-vegetarian foods are rich in protein of high biological value and in Vitamin B complex, especially B12 which is not available in plant foods.
• Fish, especially the small varieties are a rich source of calcium.
• Egg-white is good source of protein and easily digested.
The incidence of high BP, Heart disease, Obesity and high cholesterol levels is found to be greater among non-vegetarians. Elders who suffer from these problems should reduce the intake of fleshy foods in their diet. Egg-white and most varieties of fish contain less fat, but are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals.
Vegetarian or non-vegetarian, the decision depends on various factors such as cultural or dietary habits of the family, personal preference, taste and avoidance of certain foods for health reasons. Whatever the case, a well-balanced diet supplying proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals should be taken.
b. Give the Synonyms of the following 5marks
Reduce, essential, conviction, summit, truce
1. Reduce: Decrease 2. Essential: Necessary 3.conviction: belief 4. Summit: peak 5. Truce: agreement
5. A. What are the factors that are helpful in preparing Power Point Presentation? Prepare a PPT in 6 slides about your favorite sports person. 10 marks
(Refer Step by Step page 179 to 181)
Slide -- 1
Slide --2
Slide --3
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions 5 marks
i His house looks -like- a temple
ii How many -of- the members will join the trip?
iii Don’t lean that ladder -against- the wall.
iv I don't usually feel tired -in- the morning.
v Have you heard anything -about- him yet?
6. a. Discuss in a situational dialogue with your friend the strategies that are helpful in eliminating stress. 10 marks.
Joshuva: Hi! Sagar. I hear your paper has been selected in International Seminar
for presentation. Congratulations!
Sagar: Thanks! Josh. It really is a great honour, and at the same time, a huge
challenge as well, especially with so many participants coming from all over the world. Frankly, I’m not sure I’ll be able to manage.
Joshuva: Don’t’t worry. If you prepare well you won’t feel nervous.
Sagar: Will you please help me giving some important tips to manage stress.
Joshuva: Why not, sure. First of all you jot the outline of your presentation on a
piece of paper.
Sagar: OK I will do that.
Joshuva: Don’t speak too fast or too slow. If you talk too fast, you risk the audience
not understanding what you are trying to say. If you talk too slow, your
audience might lose interest in what you are saying. Maintain a moderate
pace.
Sagar: Do you think I can manage well?
Joshuva: Be positive. Motivate yourself. Tell yourself things like- ‘I will make a
good presentation.’
Sagar: Ok dear. Thanks a lot. Is there anything else to help me manage my stress.
Joshuva: Last but not the least gather yourself together before presentation. Take a deep breath, and try to be relaxed and calm.
Sagar: Thanks a lot. I hope with these strategies I will definitely manage to do well without any stress.
Joshuva: All the Best. Take care. Bye.
Sagar: Thank. Bye.
b.Punctuate the given set of sentences. 5 marks
i. Did you go to School today?
ii. What a beautiful day!
iii. I like noodles, pizza, burger, etc.
iv. This is Suresh’s pen.
v. I don’t know your name.
7 a. What is the role of team work, motivation and commitment in the life of a sportsman? What is the importance of the above in a job ambience? 10 marks.
(Refer the dictated notes)
b. Fill in the blanks with appropriate exclamations 5 marks
1 Wow! What a great game.
2. Ah! You came just in time
3. You won the competition. What an achievement!
4. Alas! I lost your pen. Ah! is it true?
8 a. You are the Chairman of NHAI. Write a letter responding to the appeal made by the ministry of road transportation about preventing the disruption of traffic on account of damages to road and bridges during natural disasters. 10marks
(Refer page 112 in Step by Step)
b. Match the words with phrases 5 marks
i. Easily (d) a) on the middle stump
ii. Stand (a) (b) on the wicket
iii. Applied (e) (c) into my body
iv. Bowl (c) (d) off the pads
v. Depending (b) (e) them to my batting
(1- d ,2- a, 3- e, 4- c, 5- b)
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